Scoliosis represents a lateral curvature of the spine, especially of the thoracic area. If you look at your cat’s spine from above, you will see that it curves laterally. However, mild cases are not obvious and are often detected accidentally during X-ray exams.

Most of the time, scoliosis in a cat is present since birth, and its effects can be observed even in kittens. Clinical signs of scoliosis in cats can include stiffness, general weakness, favoring one part of the body (for example, your cat meows when you touch them on one side), decreased appetite, and depression. The diagnosis of certainty is established following radiographs of the spine.

Treatment of scoliosis in cats depends on the severity of the condition. For example, mild cases can be treated with physical therapy, while in severe cases, surgery may be required to correct the spine.

Click to Skip Ahead:

• Signs
• Causes
• Treatment & Care Tips
• Frequently Asked Questions

What Is Scoliosis in Cats?

Scoliosis is a vertebral malformation that causes a lateral curvature of the spine. This condition can affect dogs, cats, and humans. In cats, scoliosis is extremely rare compared to humans. However, it can cause mobility problems and discomfort and decrease the quality of your cat’s life.

In severe cases, the malformation of the vertebrae can lead to secondary compression of the spinal cord and trauma, which in turn, will lead to uncoordinated walking and even paresis. If the condition greatly impairs your cat’s quality of life, euthanasia may be recommended.

Scoliosis can usually be noticed when looking at your cat’s back from above, but there are cases when the degree of scoliosis is low, and the clinical signs are not obvious. Most of the time, this condition is congenital (present from birth) and commonly occurs in cat breeds like the Siamese and Devon Rex. However, scoliosis can occur in any breed.

What Are the Signs of Scoliosis in Cats?

Severe cases of scoliosis mainly cause discomfort. However, it can also cause pain and other clinical signs when the malformation of the vertebrae pinches a nerve.

One of the most noticeable clinical signs of this condition in cats is visible curvature of the spine (when the cat is lying down or standing). But if the degree of scoliosis is minimal, the lateral curvature of the spine will only be seen on X-rays.

In severe cases, you might notice your cat sitting hunched over and having difficulty walking or running. Cats with scoliosis may also walk unevenly, run or walk with a limp, and have difficulty maintaining their balance. Such cats will be exposed to the risk of falling and injuries. Cats with severe scoliosis can even have breathing problems because the lateral curvature of the spine will put pressure on their lungs, making breathing difficult.

Lethargy is another clinical sign that may occur if your cat suffers from scoliosis. It may seem that they are not as active as other cats or that they are less active than usual—they will refuse to play and move.

If your cat shows these clinical signs, take them to the veterinarian as soon as possible.

What Are the Causes of Scoliosis in Cats?

Scoliosis is a congenital anomaly (i.e., present at birth), or it is caused by a developmental anomaly of the spine, which may include:

Scoliosis can also result from injuries or trauma to the spine.

Although it generally occurs in kittens, scoliosis can occur over time from various pathological processes (tumors, inflammations, or degenerative diseases). These processes can damage the spine and cause it to curve over time. Vitamin-mineral deficiencies (such as vitamin D and calcium) can also lead to scoliosis.

If your cat has a visibly crooked back or shows signs of discomfort or mobility problems, contact the veterinarian as soon as possible.

How Is Scoliosis Detected in Cats?

You can detect scoliosis yourself at home just by looking at your cat’s back, which will show a lateral curvature. If the curvature is not visible, you can run your fingers gently along your pet’s back and feel for any modifications. If you feel anything unusual, contact your vet.

You can also monitor your cat’s gait or changes in posture. A cat with scoliosis may walk unevenly and have difficulty walking; they may also walk hunched over and have difficulty moving their hind legs. Other subtle clinical signs, such as pain when you touch them in certain areas or reluctance to jump, play, or climb stairs, can be indicative of scoliosis.

For these reasons, it is important to contact the veterinarian whenever you feel that something is wrong with your cat. Once you arrive at the clinic with your pet, the vet will take a set of X-rays, which will determine with certainty if your cat suffers from scoliosis or other medical conditions.

What Is the Treatment for Scoliosis in Cats?

Scoliosis is a condition that occurs rarely in cats. In general, most cats with scoliosis do not require treatment, being able to lead long and peaceful lives. However, there are cases in which scoliosis is severe and compromises the quality of life of the affected pet.

In mild cases, veterinarians can recommend physiotherapy and kinesiotherapy, two therapies designed to help improve mobility and reduce pain (if applicable). Physical therapy can even prevent your cat’s scoliosis from getting worse. Therefore, if your cat suffers from a mild form of scoliosis, it is recommended to take them to a few sessions of kinesiotherapy and physiotherapy.

In severe cases, when the curvature is prominent, the vet may recommend surgical intervention to correct the defect. Your cat’s spine will be straightened and stabilized with metal rods and screws. Since this is a major procedure, make sure you discuss with the veterinarian all the risks and complications that may arise. The vet may also recommend anti-inflammatory and anti-pain medication to improve your cat’s clinical signs.

How Do I Care for a Cat With Scoliosis?

There are a few tips that can help you prevent your cat’s scoliosis from getting worse.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How Do I Know If My Cat Has Spine Problems?

If your cat has problems with their spine, they will show certain clinical signs, such as having a curved back or a stiff neck, not wanting to turn or raise their head, having an appetite but refusing to eat, exhibiting changes in posture and paresis or paralysis, meowing when moving or touched, not using the litter box, or refusing to move at all. Contact the veterinarian for a definite diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Can You Fix Scoliosis in Cats Without Surgery?

Treatment of scoliosis in cats depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases can be controlled with physiotherapy, observation, and anti-inflammatory and anti-pain medication (if needed). Being a defect (malformation) of the vertebrae, it can only be repaired surgically. In severe cases, surgical intervention is required because otherwise, it can significantly affect your cat’s quality of life.

Conclusion

Scoliosis in felines is a rare condition, and cats are usually born with this spine defect. Some pets may not show any clinical signs, and scoliosis may only be accidentally diagnosed during routine X-rays, while other cats may suffer from severe forms that deform (curve laterally) their spine and cause various walking and balance problems. Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, your vet may recommend physiotherapy and in severe cases, surgical intervention to straighten the spine. If you suspect that your cat suffers from scoliosis or other medical conditions, contact your veterinarian immediately.

Featured Image Credit: Nils Jacobi, Shutterstock

The post Scoliosis in Cats – Detection and Treatments (Vet Answer) by Dr. Iulia Mihai, DVM MSc (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Salmonella is a major public health concern because it can affect most animals and humans. Salmonellosis is the infection caused by Salmonella bacteria. The disease can be transmitted from cats to humans and vice versa, being the second most common zoonotic condition.

Cats can contract the bacteria directly or through contact with the feces of another infected animal. They can also become infected when they eat or drink contaminated food or water. Pets can also suffer from this condition, or they can be carriers.

Salmonellosis can progress from acute or chronic enteritis to septicemia. The diagnosis is made by detecting the pathogen (in this case, the Salmonella bacteria) in your cat’s feces, and treatment consists in administering antibiotics (in mild cases) and supportive care and hospitalization (in severe cases).

Click below to jump ahead:

• Salmonellosis in Cats
• Signs
• Causes
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Care Tips
• Prevention
• Frequently Asked Questions

What Is Salmonellosis (Salmonella Infection) in Cats?

Salmonella infection, medically called salmonellosis, is a bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. The bacteria usually live in animal and human intestines and are eliminated in the stool.

These infections are common in cats around the world, with the exception of those living in the Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, or Norway), where Salmonella infection has a low incidence.

Most healthy cats recover in a few days without specific treatment. However, in some cases, diarrhea can cause severe dehydration, requiring immediate medical assistance because it can lead to your pet’s death. Also, life-threatening complications (septicemia) can occur if the infection exceeds the barrier of the digestive system.

What Are the Signs of Salmonellosis in Cats?

The clinical signs depend on the time when the infection has settled in the body and the severity of the condition. The clinical signs that cats infected with Salmonella can show are as follows:

The chronic form of Salmonella infection in cats can lead to severe clinical signs, such as:

What Are the Causes of Salmonellosis in Cats?

Salmonella is a gram-negative bacillus that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, genus Salmonella. This bacterium is non-sporulated, mobile, and flagellate, possessing a specific antigen, somatic O. Salmonella lives in the intestinal tract of animals and humans. Even though it is mainly an intestinal pathogen, Salmonella can also cause systemic diseases, being isolated from different organs and blood. There are over 2,500 types of Salmonella. Infected animals can have two or more types in their body simultaneously.

Cats can become infected when they consume improperly prepared or heated food. Basically, they become infected when they come into contact with infected matter, including contaminated feces or urine. However, a low immune system and advanced age can play vital roles in the development of the infection. Also, if your cat has been or is being treated with antibiotics, they present a greater risk of being infected with Salmonella because antibiotics unbalance the intestinal flora. Salmonella can be killed at temperatures above 70 degrees Celsius (158 degrees Fahrenheit).

How Is Salmonellosis Diagnosed in Cats?

If your cat shows any of the clinical signs, especially diarrhea, take them to the veterinarian immediately. Prolonged diarrhea can lead to dehydration, lack of appetite, lethargy, and weight loss. In turn, dehydration can lead to the death of your pet.

The veterinarian can confirm if your cat is suffering from a severe condition and if there is any cause for concern. The diagnosis of salmonellosis is made after the vet examines your cat and orders a microbiological examination of the feces or rapid testing. The vet can also recommend blood and urine tests.

If the veterinarian suspects that your cat's clinical signs are due to other conditions, they may recommend symptomatic treatment and supervision.

How Is Salmonellosis in Cats Treated?

Most salmonellosis cases are mild, and the cats can be treated at home according to your vet's instructions. In severe cases, though, cats will have to be hospitalized and kept under observation.

Cats with severe infections can become dehydrated, so they can only be treated in a veterinary clinic. Also, cats that lose a large amount of blood will need a transfusion.

In general, depending on how severe the infection is, your cat may need the following treatments:

How Do I Care For a Cat With Salmonellosis?

Always follow the instructions and treatments prescribed by the vet. A food restriction may also be recommended/required for your cat. So, make sure you can provide your pet with the proper diet.

If your cat has been diagnosed with Salmonella infection, you must keep them separate from other pets. Other animals or even people can come into contact with them and easily become contaminated. It is also recommended to wash your hands after every interaction with your cat.

Your cat's hygiene should not be overlooked. Make sure the place your sick cat is occupying stays clean during the entire period of the disease and afterward, Salmonella can survive for a long time in the environment (several weeks to several months). Be careful to pick up after your cat, and do not leave their feces in the park, on the street, or in the garden; other animals and humans (especially children) can come into contact with these and become infected.

How Can I Prevent Salmonellosis in Cats?

To prevent salmonellosis in cats, avoid crowded spaces (if you take them out for a walk), and do not offer them raw meat or insufficiently prepared food.

The condition cannot truly be prevented, especially if you regularly take your cat outside or they live outdoors. These bacteria can be present anywhere, though especially in dirty and unkempt spaces (such as certain pet shelters).

Keep your house clean; it is more difficult for bacteria to develop when they do not have optimal conditions. You can also accidentally step in the feces of other infected animals and bring Salmonella home on the sole of your shoes, and your family and pets can come into contact with it.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How Long Does It Take for a Cat to Recover From Salmonellosis?

Cats infected with Salmonella that have had uncomplicated acute diarrhea usually recover without treatment. However, those suffering from complications will need hospitalization, therapy, and monitoring. Also, cats will shed the bacteria up to 6 weeks after the initial infection. Most cats become healthy carriers of Salmonella, and the elimination of the bacteria in the feces can be reactivated by a weakened immune system, other infections, or stress.

Can Indoor Cats Get Salmonellosis?

Indoor cats can become infected with Salmonella by eating raw meat and unprocessed food. They can also become infected if you step in contaminated animal feces and then bring this home on your shoes. Signs of salmonellosis in cats include vomiting, diarrhea, shock, lack of appetite, and weight loss. Take your cat to the vet if they have diarrhea, as it can lead to dehydration, which can be fatal.

Conclusion

Salmonellosis is an infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella spp. There are over 2,500 types worldwide. Although all cats can become infected with this bacterium, those that do not live in Nordic countries, that have a low immune system, that are old, or that have taken or are taking antibiotics are more prone. Clinical signs are usually mild but can worsen and lead to severe diarrhea that lasts for a long time, along with blood loss, jaundice, fever, dehydration, vomiting, shock, and septicemia. If your cat has diarrhea, take them to the veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Featured Image Credit: Babul Hosen, Shutterstock

The post Salmonella in Cats: Causes, Signs & Prevention (Vet Answer) by Dr. Iulia Mihai, DVM MSc (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Skin cancer is a representative name for several types of skin cancer lesions. In cats, the most common types of skin cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and mast cell tumor.

These cancers can appear on a cat’s skin in several forms: ulcers, crusts, lumps, lesions, or bumps. Therefore, you’ll need to pay attention to any unusual lump or bump that appears on your cat’s skin and take them to the vet as soon as possible when one occurs.

In this article, you will learn what skin cancer is in cats, its causes and clinical signs, how you can care for a cat with skin cancer, and more.

Click to skip ahead:

• Skin Cancer in Cats Overview
• The Signs
• The Causes
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Care Tips
• Frequently Asked Questions

What Is Skin Cancer in Cats?

Skin cancer occurs when healthy skin cells begin to multiply uncontrollably, forming tumors. Normally, when skin cells age and die, new cells are formed to replace them. When this process doesn’t work as it should, cells multiply faster. These cells can be non-cancerous (benign), which means they do not spread to other tissues and organs, or they can be cancerous (malignant), which means they can spread.

Benign tumors are generally harmless compared to cancerous ones ². That said, they can develop in areas that can hinder your cat’s ability to function normally, with removal surgery being necessary. For example, if your cat has a large lipoma on one of their limbs, it can interfere with walking, creating discomfort.

Only fine needle aspiration or biopsy can differentiate between benign and malignant tumors. For this reason, it is vital to take your cat to the vet when the first clinical signs occur.

What Are the Signs of Skin Cancer in Cats?

For the most part, skin tumors present as changes at the level of the skin in various areas of the body.

Although skin cancer does not usually cause itching, since the lesions are something out of the ordinary for them, cats may scratch and lick intensely until they cause open wounds and lose their hair.

In the early stages, skin tumors cannot be seen because they are hidden in the cat’s fur. As they grow, they may become visible. To ensure that your cat’s skin is healthy, pet and brush them regularly. This way, you will feel if any changes have occurred on your cat’s skin.

What Are the Causes of Skin Cancer in Cats?

Skin cancer in cats is usually caused by several factors ¹, such as genetic, environmental (e.g., sun rays), and mechanical (e.g., irritation and trauma to the skin).

How Is Skin Cancer Diagnosed in Cats?

Initially, the veterinarian will perform a general exam and ask you about your cat’s medical history. But to correctly diagnose skin cancer in cats (and implicitly, differentiate between benign and malignant cancer), additional tests are needed.

Metastasized cancer can be painful, and a cat can live in suffering for the rest of their life. Therefore, it is vital for your cat to be taken to the vet as soon as the first clinical signs occur. If not treated, malignant cancers can lead to organ metastases and the death of your pet.

How Is Skin Cancer in Cats Treated?

In most cases of skin cancer in cats, the tumor can be treated surgically. Once it has been removed, the vet will send it to the lab to see what kind of cancer it is. Surgical treatment also depends on how advanced the disease is. For example, if the cancer has spread in the body, surgical treatment will not be recommended.

If the tumor is too large and in an area that does not permit access for surgical removal or your cat is not a good candidate for general anesthesia, the veterinarian may recommend chemotherapy and/or radiation. Chemotherapy is generally considered for certain types of tumors, especially those that have spread to other tissues.

How Do I Care For a Cat With Skin Cancer?

If your cat has been diagnosed with skin cancer, follow the advice and treatment prescribed by the veterinarian. If your cat underwent tumor removal surgery, monitor the incision site at home for redness, swelling, or discharge. Contact the veterinarian if these clinical signs occur.

Examine your cat’s skin regularly. If new lesions appear or if your cat has a wound that does not seem to heal, contact the veterinarian as soon as possible. Also, if you have a cat with white hair or a hairless pet that likes to be in the sun, ask your veterinarian about cat-safe sunscreen.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cats Be Cured?

The early stages of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma can be successfully treated, and affected cats will be able to lead normal and healthy lives. If the surgical margins have not been properly resected, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma can recur. If this type of cancer occurs in other areas (e.g., in the mouth), it has a poor prognosis, as the treatment is ineffective. Cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma live an average of 2–4 months after diagnosis.

How Do You Prevent Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cats?

The best method of preventing squamous cell carcinoma is to protect your cat from the sun’s UV rays. If you have a cat with white hair or a hairless cat, apply feline-friendly sunscreen to reduce the risk. The areas most exposed to the sun are the tips of the ears, the nose, and around the eyes.

Conclusion

Skin cancer in cats includes several types of cancer (benign or malignant). The most common are squamous cell carcinoma, mast cell tumor, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Skin cancer has no specific signs, except for the changes that occur at the level of the skin. These changes can be bumps, lumps, open wounds, crusts, sores, etc. Since some cancers can be malignant, meaning they can spread to other tissues and organs, check your cat’s skin regularly, and take them to the vet as soon as possible if these signs occur. Most types of skin cancer can be treated surgically.

Featured Image Credit: Libre, Shutterstock

The post Skin Cancer in Cats: Types, Causes & Treatment (Vet Answer) by Dr. Iulia Mihai, DVM MSc (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that is prescribed to cats for various infections (from skin infections to gastrointestinal infections). It has a broad spectrum of action against a very large range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Streptococcus and Staphylococcus.

This medicine is only available with a prescription. Amoxicillin should not be used in combination with certain drugs and should be avoided in cats that are allergic to it. Adverse effects of amoxicillin administration may include the following clinical signs: vomiting, diarrhea, itching, shortness of breath, and swelling of the face.

Click below to jump ahead:

• What Is Amoxicillin?
• How Is Amoxicillin Given?
• What Happens If You Miss a Dose?
• Potential Side Effects of Amoxicillin
• Frequently Asked Questions

What Is Amoxicillin?

Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic penicillin that has bactericidal properties against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, such as:

It is used in cats for various bacterial infections, such as respiratory, skin, gastrointestinal, or urinary tract infections. Amoxicillin is available under different brand names, such as:

How Is Amoxicillin Given?

Amoxicillin is available in the form of tablets, capsules, powder for oral suspension, or drops. Although it can be administered with or without food, it is recommended to give it to your pet after a meal because it can disturb the digestive tract, and vomiting may occur.

The medicine should be administered for the entire period recommended by the veterinarian. Do not stop the administration unless gastrointestinal disorders, lethargy, breathing with difficulty, or swelling of the face occur, and in these situations, you must contact the vet.

The liquid forms should be measured carefully and shaken well before administration. Once you start giving amoxicillin to your cat, you should see improvements within a few days. Depending on the product or vet’s recommendations, the usual dose of amoxicillin for cats is 5–10 mg/lb., once or twice a day.

In the case of skin abscesses, amoxicillin will be administered for 5–7 days or 2 days after all clinical signs have disappeared. In the case of urinary infections, treatment with amoxicillin lasts 10–14 days on average, but you should not administer it for more than 30 days.

What Happens If You Miss a Dose?

In case you missed a dose, do not give your cat two doses at once. Wait until the next scheduled dose if you are closer to that, or give your cat the medicine when you remember and then return to their usual dosing schedule. Giving your cat two doses at once isn’t likely to cause severe harm but may cause side effects.

Potential Side Effects of Amoxicillin

Like any other drug, amoxicillin is not without potential side effects. These include:

In severe cases, amoxicillin can cause the following clinical signs:

For cats with liver or kidney disease, the side effects of amoxicillin may last longer. However, for cats that do not suffer from chronic conditions, the side effects will usually resolve within 24 hours. If the side effects last more than 24 hours, contact the veterinarian.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Are There Any Risk Factors for Amoxicillin in Cats?

Amoxicillin should be used with caution in pregnant or lactating cats and in those with liver or kidney diseases. Also, this antibiotic should not be used in cats that are allergic to amoxicillin or other penicillins, beta-lactams, or cephalosporins. Even if the allergic reactions are not usually severe, there are cases in which if not intervened quickly, they can lead to difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, and even death.

Can I Give 500 mg of Human Amoxicillin to My Cat?

Even if the ingredients used are similar for humans and animals, veterinary amoxicillin is the safest choice for your cat. Amoxicillin for human use risks exposing your cat to toxic substances, such as certain chemical preservatives or flavors (like xylitol). Also, 500 mg of amoxicillin will be difficult (if not impossible) to dose for your cat’s weight. A proper dose of amoxicillin in cats is 5–10 mg/lb.

Does Amoxicillin Have Any Drug Interactions?

If your cat is taking methotrexate, warfarin, probenecid, bacteriostatic antimicrobials, vitamins, herbal medicines, or supplements, it is recommended to notify the veterinarian before starting a round of amoxicillin.

Conclusion

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action that is prescribed for skin, gastrointestinal, respiratory, or urinary infections. The usual dose for cats is 5–10 mg/lb., once or twice per day. Amoxicillin can cause adverse reactions, the most common being vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and lethargy. In severe cases, it can lead to rash, itching, difficulty breathing, and/or swelling of the face. In such cases, if you do not intervene in time, your cat may die. Pregnant or lactating cats and those suffering from liver or kidney diseases should be given amoxicillin with caution.

Featured Image Credit: Sonis Photography, Shutterstock

The post Amoxicillin for Cats: Uses, Doses & Side Effects (Vet Answer) by Dr. Iulia Mihai, DVM MSc (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

If your cat coughs once or a few times after drinking water, it is possible that they drank water too quickly or were temporarily distracted, and a few drops ended up on the wrong pipe, so to speak. In this scenario, there is no need to be alarmed.

If your cat often coughs after drinking water, though, you must try to establish the cause. Things that can make your cat cough frequently are drinking water too quickly or too much, swallowing a foreign object together with the water, their collar being too tight around their neck, the water having an unpleasant taste, or it being the result of conditions like allergies or respiratory diseases.

What you can do to help your cat will vary depending on the cause. For example, if your cat’s collar is too tight, loosen it, or if they suffer from a medical condition (and show other clinical signs), contact the veterinarian as soon as possible.

Let’s delve more deeply into this subject.

Click to skip ahead:

• The 6 Possible Reasons Why Your Cat Coughs After Drinking Water
• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

The 6 Possible Reasons Why Your Cat Coughs After Drinking Water

1. Your Cat Is Drinking Water Too Quickly

2. Your Cat Is Drinking Too Much Water

If your cat is constantly thirsty and drinks a large amount of water at once, it may be a sign that they are suffering from certain medical conditions.

Your cat can also drink a large amount of water when they have a fever or when their food is too salty.

Kidney and liver failure are chronic diseases that will cause your cat a great deal of pain and suffering. Diabetes and hyperthyroidism can be kept under control with the right medication. For these reasons, it is crucial to take your cat to the vet if they are showing signs of illness.

3. Your Cat’s Collar Is Too Tight

Maybe you just purchased a new collar for your cat and tightened it too much. In this case, your cat may have difficulty swallowing food and water.

To solve the problem, adjust the collar in such a way that you can insert two fingers under it. If you can’t turn the collar around your cat’s neck, it means it is too tight.

4. Your Cat Doesn’t Like the Taste of the Water

In general, cats are sensitive to smells and tastes, especially strong ones. That is why your cat might seem picky about their water or food.

Plastic bowls can give the water an unpleasant taste. For this reason, it is recommended to purchase ceramic or stainless-steel water and food bowls. Moreover, do not leave your pet’s water bowl in the sun for too long because algae can grow, which can give it a bad taste. Clean your cat’s bowls regularly.

5. Your Cat May Have Swallowed a Foreign Object Along With the Water

Cats can cough when a foreign object gets into their mouth with water. Whether it is a hair or kibble, it can stick to the roof of your cat’s mouth or throat, causing them to cough to get it out.

If this is the case with your cat, look in their mouth for the foreign body, and try to remove it if it is easily accessible. If the object is large or your cat seems to be choking or breathing with difficulty, go to the vet immediately.

6. Your Cat Suffers From a Medical Condition

What can cause your cat to cough after drinking water are allergies and respiratory diseases.

Allergies, along with respiratory diseases, can irritate your cat’s throat, which can lead to coughing. If your cat is sick, they will also show other clinical signs.

If your cat shows these clinical signs, it is time to take them to the vet for an evaluation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What Should I Do If My Cat Is Choking?

If your cat is choking, you must act quickly. Wrap your cat in a towel to make sure they do not struggle and/or scratch you, leaving only their head exposed. Tilt your cat’s head slightly backward so you can open their mouth. If the object is visible, try to remove it (with a gentle swipe of your finger). If you do not see the object, take your cat to the vet immediately.

Why Does My Cat Throw Up After Drinking Water?

A cat may vomit after drinking water for several reasons. The most common include that your cat is nauseated, and water on an empty stomach made them vomit; your cat drank a large amount of water in a short period; or your cat is trying to eliminate a hairball. Also, if this vomiting is accompanied by other clinical signs, such as vomiting food, lethargy, decreased appetite, or diarrhea, it is necessary to take them to the veterinarian as soon as possible.

When Should I Worry About My Cat’s Cough?

If your cat has been coughing constantly for several days, it’s time to visit the vet. A persistent cough can be an indicator of respiratory disease. In addition to coughing, your cat may show the following clinical signs: wheezing, panting, difficulty breathing, lethargy, fever, and lack of appetite.

Conclusion

Cats can cough after drinking water for many reasons. The most common are drinking water too quickly or too much at once, the collar being too tight, having respiratory diseases or allergies, foreign objects being stuck in the throat, or the water having a bad taste. Try to identify the cause because depending on what it is, you can help your cat. You should also ensure that your cat drinks fresh water every day and that the water is at the right temperature. Clean the water bowl periodically, use only ceramic or stainless-steel bowls, and do not tighten the collar around your cat’s neck too much. If other clinical signs occur or the coughing is persistent, take your cat to the vet.

Featured Image Credit: kalyanby, Shutterstock

The post My Cat Coughs After Drinking Water, What Should I Do? Our Vet Answers by Dr. Iulia Mihai, DVM MSc (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Occasional vomiting is not necessarily an issue, but in some cases, it can be a sign of a health problem. Vomiting represents the active evacuation of food from the stomach and is a clinical sign that can appear in many pathologies. It’s not a diagnosis in itself, so occasional vomiting from a healthy cat does not necessarily indicate a problem, especially when the vomit consists of trichobezoars (furballs). It is normal for cats to swallow hair while grooming.

Vomiting becomes a serious problem when it is persistent or contains blood. Vomiting blood can occur for multiple reasons, including gingivitis, rodenticide poisoning, ulcers, foreign bodies, and parasites. If your cat vomits blood, contact the veterinarian immediately.

The 10 Reasons Why Cats Vomit Blood

Your cat may vomit blood along with the stomach contents or only blood. Vomited blood can be bright red (fresh) or dark red (old). Also, it can be in large quantities or streaky.

Here are the most common causes of cats vomiting blood.

1. Prolonged Severe Vomiting

When your cat vomits strongly or repeatedly for a long time, the lining of the esophagus and/or stomach becomes inflamed, and the small blood vessels can break. This can lead to streaks of blood in your cat’s vomit.

If your cat vomits repeatedly, take them to the vet immediately because it can lead to dehydration, which can be fatal. Clinical signs of dehydration in cats include:

2. Gingivitis or Severe Dental Disease

Gingivitis means inflammation of the gums and often represents the early stage of periodontal disease. When periodontal disease occurs, the gums swell and may bleed. If this phenomenon coincides with vomiting, it may seem that your cat is vomiting blood.

The clinical signs of periodontal disease in cats may include:

To prevent periodontal disease and gingivitis, you need to brush your cat’s teeth every day and take them to the vet for a dental cleaning once a year.

3. Ulcer

If there are dark granules in your cat’s vomit, like coffee grounds, it means your pet is eliminating blood, which can be a sign of a gastric ulcer. The dark color of the blood tells us that it is old and has been in the stomach for a while.

The causes of gastric ulcers are multiple and can include:

If your cat suffers from a gastric ulcer, you will notice the following clinical signs:

If you suspect that your cat’s vomiting blood is a consequence of a gastric ulcer, take them to the vet for an evaluation.

4. Rodenticide Poisoning

Unlike with dogs, poisoning with anticoagulant rodenticides in cats is rare. That said, anticoagulant rodenticides are considered antagonistic substances to vitamin K (antihemorrhagic vitamin). These substances are used to get rid of pests and can dilute (thin) the blood, causing internal bleeding.

Clinical signs of anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning in cats may include:

Ingestion of rat poison is an emergency, and you should take your pet to the vet immediately. Fortunately, this type of poisoning has an antidote, which is vitamin K.

5. Internal Parasites (Roundworms)

Roundworms are intestinal parasites that infest cats and other animals. They are found in the small intestine and feed on the nutrients that your cat eats. Two types of roundworms can infest cats:

In massive infestations, your cat may vomit worms. Signs of roundworm infestation in cats include:

Deworming your cat is the only treatment that will rid them of internal parasites.

6. Foreign Objects

Foreign objects, especially sharp ones (bone shards, toys, etc.), can cause the vomiting of blood. These objects can damage the esophagus or other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Also, when they reach the intestines, they can cause an intestinal blockage, which can be fatal. Signs of a foreign body in a cat include:

Ingesting a foreign body represents a medical emergency, and your cat should be taken to the vet immediately.

7. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

IBD is a disorder in which one or more segments of the gastrointestinal tract are invaded with inflammatory cells (white blood cells). Over time, the inflammation reduces the absorption capacity of the intestine, and your cat loses weight. IBD is the main cause of chronic diarrhea and vomiting in cats.

Clinical signs include:

Unfortunately, the causes are not fully elucidated, and the treatment is non-specific, which is why your cat will have this problem throughout their life.

8. Side Effects of Certain Drugs

In rare cases, certain medicines can cause stomach ulcers, which can lead to vomiting blood. These drugs suppress the defense mechanisms of the stomach and can cause mucosal ulceration. An example is anti-inflammatory drugs, which should not be administered on an empty stomach.

That said, cases of gastric ulcers caused by the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs are rare in cats. To remedy the problem, the treatment must be interrupted, and your cat should be taken to the vet.

9. Problems With Blood Clotting

A blood-clotting problem that can be found in cats is hemophilia. Hemophilia A, or factor VIII deficiency, is a common hereditary blood disorder in cats. There is also Hemophilia B, or factor IX deficiency, but this condition is rarely found in cats. Clinical signs are common and may include:

If your cat shows these clinical signs, you must take them to the vet immediately. In massive bleedings, hospitalization and blood transfusion may be needed.

10. Cancer

Tumors that appear in the digestive tract or nose can bleed, which means blood can occur in your cat’s vomit. Your cat may swallow the blood, which will go into the stomach and then be eliminated when they vomit.

Also, certain cancers outside the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., mast cell tumors) can lead to gastrointestinal bleeding, and your cat can end up throwing up blood.

Depending on the location of the tumor, the following clinical signs may occur:

If your cat shows signs of cancer or you notice a lump under their skin, take them to the vet immediately for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion

If your cat vomits from time to time (hair, food, or gastric juice), there is no cause for concern. But when the vomiting is repeated or your cat vomits blood, it is a sign that something is wrong with them, and they should be taken to the vet immediately. The causes of vomiting blood in cats are multiple and may include cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, hemophilia, prolonged vomiting, internal parasites, anti-inflammatory drugs, gastric ulcer, or IBD. The clinical signs that you may notice (besides vomiting blood) will depend on the condition that your cat is suffering from. Weight loss, lack of appetite, hypersalivation, nausea, diarrhea, or lethargy may also occur.

Vomiting is not a diagnosis but a clinical sign. So, if you notice your cat vomiting (especially repeatedly and over a long period), take them to the vet immediately because it can lead to dehydration, which can be fatal.

• See also: Why Is My Cat Bleeding? A Full-Body Overview (Vet Answer)

Featured Image Credit: Nils Jacobi, Shutterstock

The post Why Is My Cat Vomiting Blood? Our Vet Explains 10 Causes by Dr. Iulia Mihai, DVM MSc (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Loss of balance is not a disease, but rather a clinical sign of various health conditions, including diseases of the inner ear, conditions of the spine, tumors, cognitive dysfunction syndrome, epilepsy, thiamine deficiency, toxins, certain drugs, stroke, anemia, or hypoglycemia.

If your cat stumbles, falls, has limb weakness, has difficulty hearing, or is walking in a circle, take them to the vet as soon as possible.

A cat that suddenly loses their balance may look as if they are drunk. They will also have a wobbly/stumbled walk and increased sleepiness/drowsiness.

Some cats that show sudden loss of balance may also have nystagmus, or abnormal (continual) eye movement, which may be caused by a problem in the inner ear or central nervous system.

Some cats that suddenly lose their balance will roll or fall to one side. They will also experience nausea from the feeling of unsteadiness. Other cats might even vomit. Pets with chronic loss of balance are less susceptible to nausea because they have adapted over time to this condition.

In general, sudden loss of balance in cats can include the following clinical signs.

The 9 Clinical Signs to Look For

1. Falling Down

Sudden loss of balance is often accompanied by falling down. Cats won’t feel steady on their four limbs and will often fall to the side.

Depending on the underlying condition of your cat, falling can also occur after the interruption of blood and oxygen supply to the brain, which is called collapse.

2. Difficulty Standing

Depending on the underlying condition, your cat may have trouble standing. This is also when you will realize that your pet is losing their balance and that something is wrong with them. You may also notice that your cat leans or falls. Difficulty standing can be a clinical sign of several conditions, such as:

3. Stumbling

If your cat stumbles while walking, they may look like they are drunk or dizzy. This wobbly walk is usually secondary to a neurological or inner ear condition. In addition to stumbling and sudden loss of balance, cats suffering from neurological disorders can present other clinical signs ¹, such as:

4. Walking in a Circle (Circling)

Walking in circles or circling (especially in the same direction) is a clinical sign of a neurological problem. It can occur together with sudden loss of balance or be accompanied by other clinical signs.

If you see your cat walking in circles, take them to the vet immediately.

Walking in circles can also occur if your cat suffers from vestibular disease (a condition that affects the inner ear that is responsible for balance) ².

5. Limb Weakness

If your cat has limb weakness, it may look like they are unable to stand on their fours, get up, or lie down. Muscle weakness can be a clinical sign of anemia, potassium deficiency, vestibular disease, spinal disease, diabetes, or neurological disease ³.

Muscle weakness leads to loss of balance because cats cannot stand on their feet. Regardless of the cause that led to muscle weakness, take your cat to the vet for a correct diagnosis and immediate treatment.

6. Unintentional, Continual Eye Movement (Nystagmus)

Nystagmus is characterized by involuntary, oscillatory, back-and-forth movements of the eyeballs, most frequently horizontal but also vertical or rotatory. The most common cause of nystagmus in cats is vestibular disease. In this condition, in which the inner ear is affected, your cat will feel dizzy and nauseated and may even vomit.

When the inner ear is affected, cats lose their balance: They will be unsteady on their feet and will widen their base of support.

7. Vocalization

Vocalization usually occurs as a result of fear. Your cat does not know what is happening to them, why they feel dizzy, or why they are losing their balance. In other cases, vocalization occurs as a result of a behavioral problem or as a clinical sign of neurological disorders or medical conditions that cause pain.

If your cat’s vocalization is accompanied by any of these clinical signs, take them to the vet.

8. Difficulty Hearing

When your cat has hearing problems, they will no longer come when you call them, loud sounds will no longer make them react, etc. When sudden loss of balance and difficulty hearing occurs, the cause is usually vestibular disease. In this condition, difficulty hearing occurs due to tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Also, many cats suffering from vestibular disease are deaf.

9. Nausea/Vomiting

Nausea and later, vomiting, along with sudden loss of balance in cats, usually occur due to vestibular disease. A cat that is nauseated will hypersalivate and lick their muzzle excessively.

How to Help a Cat That Has a Sudden Loss of Balance

Since the sudden loss of balance has multiple causes, most of them being severe, it is recommended to take your cat to the vet immediately. The sooner the cause is diagnosed, the better your cat’s chances of recovery.

What you can do when your cat has a sudden loss of balance is to make sure they are not in a high place from which they can fall and injure themselves.

Do not try to give water and food to your cat until you see that they can stand on their feet. If you try to forcefully give them water or food when they are dizzy, you risk choking them and causing aspiration pneumonia.

You should also try to note other clinical signs (if any) that occur with a sudden loss of balance, so you can give the veterinarian as much detailed information as possible about your cat’s condition. Following the details that you provide and your cat’s clinical examination, the vet can order additional tests and/or establish a diagnosis and institute the treatment.

If your cat suffers from idiopathic vestibular disease, there is no treatment. Your pet must be kept in a safe space to avoid injuring themselves and be assisted when eating or drinking, especially in the early stages of the condition.

Conclusion

Sudden loss of balance in cats is not a medical condition but a clinical sign. It can occur for various reasons, some of them being severe. When your cat suddenly loses their balance, you may notice the following: leaning, tilting their head to the side, falling, uncontrolled eye movement, circling, vomiting, and meowing. If you notice these clinical signs, take your cat to the vet immediately. Conditions like diabetes, anemia, or cancer can put your cat’s life in danger. The sooner the cause that leads to sudden loss of balance is diagnosed, the greater the chances of your cat’s recovery.

Featured Image Credit: lagunabluemolly, Pixabay

The post Sudden Loss of Balance in Cats: 9 Signs & How You Can Help (Vet Answer) by Dr. Iulia Mihai, DVM MSc (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Heart disease in cats does not define a single illness, but rather multiple conditions with different levels of severity. Some heart diseases are mild and do not cause problems or require treatment, but others can worsen and lead to heart failure.

Cardiac disease is when a cat’s heart is no longer working properly. The heart is essentially a pump made of muscles that push the blood through the vessels throughout the body. When this pump no longer works properly, heart problems occur.

Cardiovascular disease can be a primary or secondary condition of other diseases. It occurs especially in senior cats but can also be found in kittens (as early as 3 months of age). Heart disease can endanger a cat’s life when it leads to fluid retention in the lungs and body cavities.

What Is Heart Disease?

The heart is a muscle that works like a pump. With each beat, it pumps blood into the body in a movement called a heartbeat, which is different depending on the species. In cats, the heart beats 120–140 times per minute.¹

A cat’s heart has an ovoid shape and is the size of a walnut. It’s located in the chest cavity between the two lungs and has four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) and two valves (mitral and tricuspid) that regulate blood flow. It is made up of three concentric layers: the endocardium, the myocardium, and the epicardium. Externally it is covered by a sack full of liquid called the pericardium, which has different roles.

When this organ no longer functions properly, heart diseases occur. They are divided into two categories: congenital (present from birth) or acquired (occur during life). Both congenital and acquired pathologies can be hereditary.

Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart disease is present from birth. These are defects in the structures and functions of the cardiovascular system that cause malformations of the heart during embryonic development and affect only one kitten. The cause can also be a hereditary genetic change, in which the disease is transmitted to one or more kittens.

Although certain clinical signs can be identified from an early age, there are situations in which these diseases can remain undetected for years.

The most common congenital heart diseases in cats are:

Acquired Heart Disease

Acquired heart diseases occur most frequently in adult/senior cats and are due to changes in the structure of the heart, leading to its abnormal function.

Some cases may be due to hereditary factors that progress with age. The most well-known and frequent condition is cardiomyopathy, a disease that affects the heart muscle. The cause is not known, but genetic aspects and lifestyle elements (weight, physical activity, and diet) can play crucial roles. In some cases, it can occur as a secondary condition; for example, it can occur secondary to thyroid disease.

The most common hereditary heart diseases in cats are:

What Are the Signs of Heart Disease?

The clinical signs of heart disease in cats differ depending on the type. Most cats do not show any clinical signs of heart disease until it progresses. A common clinical sign of heart disease is coughing, but in cats, this is rarely seen (unlike in dogs or humans).

Cats can also have a low exercise tolerance, but this sign is hard to notice because most cats live indoors and don’t get the chance to exercise extensively. As the disease progresses, a low tolerance for daily activities can be noticed: Your cat will become lazier, sleep more, and hide in various places, especially under the furniture.

The most common clinical signs of heart problems in cats are as follows:

What Are the Causes of Heart Disease?

One in 10 cats suffers from heart disease, and most of the time, it is due to a heart anomaly. Heart disease is a precursor to congestive heart failure. This can happen if a heart disease in a cat is not treated in time or is ignored.

Heart diseases have certain stages, and with them, the veterinarian can determine how severe your cat’s condition is.

How Do I Care for a Cat With Heart Disease?

The most important thing that you can do is properly administer the medications prescribed by the veterinarian and notify them if you encounter difficulties or if your cat’s clinical signs worsen.

The evolution of your cat’s illness depends on the severity of the condition, their response to treatment, your vet’s recommendations, and your observations. The tests performed to monitor the progression will influence your vet’s decision regarding your cat’s therapy and prognosis.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How Long Can Cats Live With Heart Disease?

Many cats live with heart disease their entire lives without showing any clinical signs, but it depends on how advanced the condition is. Sometimes, cats live a long time with chronic heart failure if medication compensates for it. That said, cats suffering from congestive heart failure can live up to 1 year after they have been diagnosed.

Is My Cat in Pain With Heart Disease?

Heart disease isn’t usually painful in cats, but it can have a major impact on their life if it affects their hind limbs (when a clot forms). It can lead to weakness or paralysis of the limbs, and this requires the immediate intervention of the veterinarian.

Conclusion

Heart diseases in cats can be congenital (born with them) or acquired (occur in adult cats). Both types can be hereditary, i.e., inherited from the parents. Cats can suffer from several types of heart disease, but the most common is cardiomyopathy (a disease of the heart muscle). Some cat breeds, such as the Maine Coon, Persian, American Shorthair, or British Shorthair, are more prone to certain heart conditions than others. For this reason, cardiac monitoring of these breeds is essential. If you notice your cat exhibiting signs like coughing, fatigue upon exertion, disinterest in daily activities, or paralysis or weakness of the hind limbs, contact the veterinarian.

Featured Image Credit: TShaKopy, Shutterstock

The post Heart Disease in Cats: Causes, Signs & Care (Vet Answer) by Dr. Iulia Mihai, DVM MSc (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

If your cat has a lump under their skin that is painful and soft to the touch, they probably have an abscess. Abscesses can develop anywhere on the body, even on organs, such as the lungs, brain, liver, or kidneys. Some may not be noticeable until they rupture or the animal shows other clinical signs. In cats, abscesses can lead to blood poisoning and the death of your pet, so they require immediate veterinary attention. You should know what to look for and how to treat an abscess in your cat to keep them happy and healthy.

This article will teach you how to recognize an abscess, what kind of abscess it is, and how to care for your cat at home.

What Is an Abscess?

An abscess is a painful, well-defined purulent collection. They can be found all over the body and can get quite large (the size of a Ping-Pong ball or bigger) or remain small. Some will grow so large that the resulting pocket may burst and the pus will drain out.¹ This occurs as a result of the body’s reaction to pyogenic germs (i.e., causing the formation of pus). Pus is a foul-smelling viscous liquid of various colors (white, yellow, or greenish) that contains leukocytes, plasma, living and dead bacteria, proteins, and other organic debris.

Abscesses can have two evolutionary clinical forms: acute and chronic. Depending on the location, abscesses can be classified into superficial and deep.

In cats, two types of abscesses are most common:

The infection can occur in cats of any age and breed. Outdoor cats are most prone to abscesses because they are more likely to be injured. Broken windows, sharp metal objects, falls from a great height, and competition with other cats for space, food, or mates are the most common causes of injury.

Cats with weak immune systems are also prone to developing abscesses.³ A weakened immune system makes the body more susceptible to infections. Nursing cats can develop mammary skin abscesses because their kittens may scratch them with their teeth and claws when feeding, inoculating germs.

What Are the Signs of Abscesses?

In cats, abscesses look like small bumps under the skin that grow over time. When they appear in the mouth (in the gums), they can go unnoticed. As they grow, the skin appears to swell, and the abscesses can look like tumors. For this reason, many cat owners panic when they notice a bump or lump on their pet’s skin. But abscesses are more common than tumors.⁴

If an abscess grows too much, it can burst, and the pus will be drained. This process is called fistulation, which means an artificial channel will be created between the abscess and the skin/gum/organ (depending on where the abscess is localized). In case of skin abscesses, the pus will drain through this channel to the surface of the skin, leading to an unpleasant odor in the infected area.

If an abscess develops inside your cat’s mouth, your pet may have bad breath, become lethargic, and refuse food. Internal abscesses can lead to decreased appetite and lethargy, which are clinical signs that indicate an infection. Systemic infections can cause fevers.

If your cat shows these signs, take them to the vet.

What Are the Causes of Abscesses?

Abscesses develop following the inoculation of pathogenic germs into the skin/oral mucosa/internal organs. They typically occur in cats that frequently participate in altercations with other felines or animals. These abscesses usually develop on the neck and face, the back half of the body, and the abdomen. The tail is often injured too, thus favoring the occurrence of abscesses. Other incidents that can lead to the development of abscesses include penetrating wounds.

Dental abscesses are found around diseased teeth. When bacteria gather in excess on a tooth, the gums become inflamed, and gingivitis occurs. If you do not brush your cat’s teeth, plaque and tartar form. If the accumulated bacteria enter the root canal of a diseased tooth, an abscess can develop at the root. Dental abscesses are relatively common in cats, and since the clinical signs are similar to those of other diseases, owners may not realize what is actually happening to their cat.

Internal abscesses are impossible to observe from the outside. They appear due to inflammations, diseases, or foreign objects entering the body. These are less common than skin abscesses but are more severe.

How Do I Care for a Cat With Abscesses?

Before the visit to the veterinarian, monitor your cat’s condition and abscess(es). Do not try to squeeze or burst the abscess yourself, especially if you are not qualified to do so. There is a high risk of rupture of the capsule wall and penetration of pus into the surrounding healthy tissue and blood, which can lead to severe complications.

If the abscess has ruptured, clean the area and trim the surrounding hair. Then, treat it with local antiseptics and antimicrobial ointment (preferably for veterinary use). Be sure to cover the area with a sterile compress. The next step is to take your cat to the vet for an evaluation.

If your cat’s abscess was drained at the clinic, follow the veterinarian’s recommendations as to what you need to do at home. Here is how to care for a cat with abscesses:

An abscess will show signs of healing when the area is no longer red and swollen and no longer secretes exudate (3–5 days after the procedure). On average, the healing process takes 7–14 days.

FAQ

Can Cats Heal From Abscesses on Their Own?

Skin abscesses can heal on their own after they rupture and the pus is eliminated. However, you should still take your cat to the veterinarian to prevent possible complications. In the case of dental and internal abscesses, they do not heal on their own. If they remain untreated, they can lead to severe complications.

Can a Cat Survive an Abscess?

In the case of skin abscesses that rupture externally (and the pus is eliminated on the surface of the skin), the chances of a cat dying are incredibly small. Abscesses can cause severe complications or death if the pus gets into the bloodstream, which can cause septicemia (generalized infection). Septicemia can lead to death if not treated in time.

Conclusion

An abscess is a pocket filled with pus that’s separated from healthy tissue by a connective tissue membrane. It can develop due to an infection that penetrates the tissues and leads to an inflammatory process, either by biting (e.g., when cats fight) or piercing (e.g., puncture wound). If the abscess ruptures and the pus gets into the bloodstream, cats can develop septicemia and die. Sometimes, skin abscesses that rupture can heal on their own, but it is recommended to contact the vet as soon as you notice an abscess on your cat’s skin or in their mouth.

Featured Image Credit: Elena11, Shutterstock

The post Abscesses in Cats: Causes, Signs & Care (Vet Answer) by Dr. Iulia Mihai, DVM MSc (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Arthritis is a condition that involves the inflammation of one or more joints. This name comes from the Greek words, “arthron” (joint) and “itis” (inflammation). There are many causes of arthritis in cats, and bacterial, viral, and fungal infections cause septic arthritis.

Cats suffering from septic arthritis usually present painful and warm joints, lameness, fever, loss of appetite, and lethargy. For your cat to maintain their mobility, you must get a timely diagnosis and ensure that your pet receives all the necessary care. If septic arthritis is left untreated, it can migrate to organs and lead to septicemia (sepsis), which can be fatal.

Keep reading to find out what septic arthritis is in cats, the causes and clinical signs, and how you can help your cat if they suffer from this condition.

What Is Septic Arthritis in Cats?

Septic arthritis represents the inflammation and infection of one or more joints and their synovial (joint) fluid. It is caused by pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, that enter cats’ joints in various ways. This condition causes the destruction of the joint cartilage, which will vary depending on the virulence of the germs present in the joint.

The treatment of septic arthritis entails determining the type of microorganism involved and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Antibiotics are usually given for long periods. If the arthritis is caused by fungi, the veterinarian will prescribe antifungal medication to your cat. To help with your cat’s pain and inflammation, your vet will also prescribe anti-inflammatory medication along with the main treatment. Also, physical therapy may be needed for your cat to fully regain their mobility and speed up healing.

In some cases, surgery may be needed to drain the fluid from the cat’s infected joints.

What Are the Causes of Septic Arthritis in Cats?

Infection of the joints can be caused by sepsis (through the bloodstream) or by the direct penetration of germs into the joint in cases of trauma or bites. In other cases, septic arthritis can occur postoperatively, when the surgical site becomes superinfected.

Septic arthritis in cats is mainly caused by bacteria of the genus Pasteurella, which are commonly found in the throat (oropharynx) of cats and dogs. Other pathogens that can cause septic arthritis are:

In very rare cases, septic arthritis can be caused by different species of ticks that transmit tick-borne diseases in cats, such as:

Cats suffering from diabetes, pets with a weak immune system, or those undergoing treatment with medications that suppress the immune system are more prone to becoming ill.

What Are the Signs of Septic Arthritis in Cats?

Septic arthritis in cats has a sudden onset, unlike degenerative arthritis. The most common clinical signs are:

1. Painful and inflamed joints
2. Joints being warm to the touch
3. Lameness
4. Stiff joints
5. Lethargy
6. Malaise
7. Lack of appetite
8. Fever and depression (advanced cases)

When the primary infection is localized at the joint level, it can migrate to the organs and cause septicemia if left untreated.

How to Care for a Cat With Septic Arthritis

When septic arthritis is diagnosed quickly (24–48 hours), antibiotic/antifungal therapy is effective in most cases. Therefore, follow the advice and indications of your veterinarian regarding your cat’s medication. You should also limit your cat’s movements until cleared by the vet.

To reduce your cat’s pain and inflammation, place cold compresses or ice packs over the painful area, alternating with heat packs. Never put ice or heat packs directly on your cat’s skin because you risk causing burns. Cover them with a towel to create a barrier.

When the treatment is delayed, your cat may experience joint degeneration and permanent damage. Also, in some cases, the infection could return, and your cat could develop septicemia.

Conclusion

Septic arthritis represents the infection of one or more joints caused by bacteria (mainly), viruses, or fungi. This condition has a sudden onset, and the clinical signs include pain and inflammation at the joint level, lameness, warm joints, lethargy, fever, and lack of appetite. If your cat shows any of these signs, take them to the vet as soon as possible for diagnosis and treatment. To help your cat get over this issue faster, follow the veterinarian’s instructions and treatment. If your cat is in pain, apply cold compresses alternating with warm compresses over the painful joints.

Featured Image Credit: C. Freshour, Shutterstock

The post Sudden Onset (Septic) Arthritis in Cats: Signs & Care Guide (Vet Answer) by Dr. Iulia Mihai, DVM MSc (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.