Have you ever looked at your cat and wondered how they see the world? Do they see the same colors and shapes? Do they experience color blindness? Do they have night vision that enables them to see exceptionally well in the dark?

If you’ve ever wondered how a cat’s vision compares to human vision, you’re in the right place! Here, you’ll find all the differences (and similarities) between the two and how your favorite feline’s vision stacks up compared to yours. Read on to find out more!

Cat Vision vs Human Vision At a Glance

 

Overview of Cat Vision

While we can’t possibly know exactly what a cat sees, we can figure out how they see the world by looking at the structure of the eyeball and how it compares to a human’s vision.

Structure of the Cat Eye

A cat’s eye is quite similar to a human’s. Like us, they have the sclera or white of the eye, which is the outer layer of the eye that is covered with conjunctiva (a membrane). Then there’s the clear dome on the front of the eye called the cornea, responsible for allowing light in. And like humans, cats have the iris, which is responsible for the color of their eyes and controlling how much light enters the eye. The cat eye contains a pupil, too, that changes size to let in more or less light.

How else is a cat’s eye similar to our own? A cat’s eye also contains a lens that is responsible for becoming thicker to allow more focus on closer objects. The lens is an area where a cat’s eye differs from a human’s since the changes a cat’s lens goes through appear to be more limited than what a human’s lens can do.

Then there’s the retina, where perhaps the most significant differences lie. Retinas in cats and people contain photoreceptors, with the main types being cones and rods. Cats have the same three color cones that humans do, but they are suspected only to be able to see colors in the way a colorblind person would. However, cats have many more rods than humans, which gives them wider peripheral and night vision.

Finally, cats have what’s known as the tapetum, a reflective portion of the eye that can magnify the amount of light coming in, which boosts their night vision!

Visual Field

The visual field is the area a human or animal can see when they have their eyes focused on one point. So, peripheral vision is essentially what can be seen to the side, straight ahead, below, and above where one is looking. Cats have an advantage here because their visual field is 200 degrees, which is wider than a human’s.

Visual Acuity

Visual acuity is how clear (or unclear) one can see. You’re probably familiar with the phrase “20/20 vision”;  a cat’s can be anywhere from 20/100 to 20/200. That means what a human can see from 100 to 200 feet away a cat has to be 20 feet away to see clearly.

Why is a cat’s vision so much blurrier than our own? This is likely because they don’t have the necessary muscles that enable the shape of their eye lenses to change and thicken in order to focus more.

Color Vision

Some believe cats can’t see colors at all but only in shades of gray. However, cats are known as trichromats, which means they have three cones in their eyes that should enable them to see the colors green, blue, and red. You’d think that would mean they’d see colors just as a human does.

Instead, cats are thought to see similarly to humans with color blindness. So, though they don’t have trouble seeing blues and greens, colors on the red scale can appear closer to green or blue rather than shades of red.

Night Vision

As for the number of rods cats have in their retina, they have many more than humans. The rods allow them to have a broad visual field, as well as improve their ability to see in low light and dark. Because they have so many rods, it’s estimated that cats can see in approximately 1/6 the amount of light a person needs to see clearly.

A cat’s eye also has a tapetum that is behind the retina to boost their ability to see at night. The cells in the tapetum reflect light going between the cones and the rods back to photoreceptors in the eye. This reflection enables kitty to pick up on a tiny bit of light that may be around (and it’s why their eyes seem to glow when it’s dark!).

Overview of Human Vision:

Human vision differs from a cat’s mainly in the way we see a more comprehensive range of colors more vibrantly, can see and track objects that move slowly, and can see objects from further away.

Structure of a Human Eye

As we said when we covered the structure of a cat’s eye, the human and cat eye are similar. For the most part, our eyes contain the same elements as a cat, such as a lens, retina, pupil, cornea, and iris. The most significant difference between the structure of a human’s and a cat’s eye is that a human eye contains more cones and fewer rods. This affects how wide our peripheral vision is and how well we can see in low light or darkness.

Visual Field

When it comes to a human’s peripheral vision, we have a bit of a narrower visual field than cats. Where they can see 200 degrees in their visual field, we can only see 180 degrees. It makes sense since cats can use their wider visual field to aid in hunting!

Visual Acuity

You may not have 20/20 vision as a human, but you’ll likely see better than your kitty. Humans can see distant objects and those that are close because of the structure of our eye’s lens. Plus, things we see slow-moving objects that would most likely look as if they are standing still to your cat!

Color Vision

Humans are trichromats as well, and we also have the three cones in our eyes that allow us to see red, green, and blue. This allows us to see a broad range of colors (unless you are color blind). The most significant difference between a human’s vision and a cat’s is that we see a larger range of colors, plus we can see things more vibrantly. Simply put, our world is a little brighter!

Night Vision

Let’s face it; a human’s night vision is pretty lousy. While we see the world in vibrant multi-color due to the number of cones we have in the eye, we lose out on seeing in the dark because the human eye has fewer rods in the retina than a cat. Still, it seems like a pretty fair trade-off!

Conclusion

As you can see, how cats and humans view the world is more similar than one would think. The structures of our eyes are nearly the same, and the main difference is how many cones and rods we each have.

However, this near-identical eye structure doesn’t mean we see precisely the same. Even though cats are trichromats like us, they are still suspected of having less ability to see the same number of colors as humans (and likely see colors in duller shades than us). Cats win out regarding the range of their peripheral vision, however. They also win for night vision, as they can see much better in the dark!

---

Featured Image Credit: Pixabay