Cats are masters at hiding signs of illness or pain. By the time they show symptoms, they’re often really sick. By learning what is normal for your cat, and keeping an eye on even subtle changes, you can recognize some problems early and get your cat seen by your veterinarian before they become serious.
Cats are creatures of habit, and even subtle changes from their normal behavior and routine may be cause for concern. Changes in appetite, drinking habits, litter box routine, grooming and even the sound of your cat’s voice can all be signs that something is wrong.
In addition to watching for subtle changes, one of the best ways to monitor your cat’s health at home is to perform periodic health checks on your cat. These monthly checks are not a subtsitute for regular veterinary care. All cats should receive at least annual exams by a veterinarian; cats older than seven years should receive bi-annual exams.
When performing a monthly health check for your cat, you’ll want to look at the following:
Weight
Your cat’s weight can be a good indicator of her health – but only if you keep track of it. Gradual weight loss or gain can be difficult to recognize in cats. Ideally, you should purchase an inexpensive digital scale designed for babies. These scales measure pounds and ounces accurately. Alternately, weigh yourself on a regular bathroom scale, then weigh yourself while holding your cat. The difference is your cat’s weight. While not as accurate as a baby scale, this will still allow you to notice some fluctuations.
Skin and Coat
Your cat’s coat should be full and shiny. The skin should not be dry and flaky.
Nose
Your cat’s nose should be moist and clean, not dry and chapped. There shouldn’t be any discharge or bleeding.
Ears
The ears should be clean and dry. A small amount of ear wax is normal, and can be gently cleaned by dipping a cotton ball into a warm water and vinegar solution. If you notice any discharge or odor from the ear canal, this may be a sign of infection. A coffee-ground like brown or red discharge from the ear may be a sign of ear mites.
Eyes
Eyes should be clear and bright, with no discharge. Your cat’s third eyelid may sometimes come partially across the eye when he’s sleepy, but it should not be visible all the time. Pupils should be equal size, and react to changes in light.
Mouth
If your cat will let you, gently open his mouth to check his teeth and gums. If his gums are red, or there’s a strong odor coming from his mouth, your cat has dental disease which will need to be addressed by a veterinarian. Other signs of more advanced dental disease include difficulty eating, excessive drooling, and pawing at the mouth.
Claws
Your cat will need to have his claws trimmed regularly from time to time. This is also a good opportunity to check for any torn toenails or injuries to the paw pads. Claws that are too long can get caught on carpeting or upholstery and get torn. If you have trouble trimming your cat’s nails, get someone to help you or take your cat to the veterinary clinic for a nail trim.
Breathing
Your cat’s breathing should be smooth and effortless. A cat’s normal respiratory rate is between 20 to 30 breaths per minute at rest. You can measure this by timing your cat’s breathing for 15 seconds and multiplying by four. Wheezing and coughing are indicators of potentially serious problems. Rapid, labored, or open-mouth breathing can be life-threatening and requires emergency medical attention.
Hydration
Gently pinch the skin between the shoulder blades into a little tent. The skin should spring back into normal position almost immediately. Another way to check for hydration is to make sure that the gums are moist to the touch.
Mobility
Does your cat appear uncomfortable or stiff when walking? You may be looking at signs of an injury, or arthritis.
Hands-on exam
Run your hands all along your cat’s entire body with gentle pressure. If your cat responds with discomfort in any one area, or if you notice any lumps and bumps, take your cat to your vet.
By performing this monthly check, and keeping tabs on your cat’s normal behavior, you’ll be able to notice any changes immediately, and ensure that any problems are addressed before they become serious.
Featured Image Credit: Pencil case, Shutterstock
